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Pulse Oximeter
An Important Tool for Measuring Blood Oxygen Saturation
 

A pulse oximeter by any other name is, well, a finger pulse oximeter. Finger pulse oximeters are used primarily for spot-checking blood oxygen saturation. Their small size makes the finger oximeter very appealing to individuals looking for an oximeter for home use, they are also appropriate for professional medical facilities. Although they are smaller, most finger models are just as accurate as larger oximeter styles. If you do choose to purchase an oximeter for home use, remember that there are limitations to the oximeter's ability to read oxygen saturation and that even a quality reading is just one of many variables used to determine if an individual is receiving enough oxygen. When reading medical measurements, always consult a medical professional qualified to interpret the results if there are any concerns.

A finger pulse oximeter is a noninvasive medical device that measures the oxygen saturation in a person's blood and their pulse rates, which is a monitored signal that bounces in time with the heart beat, because the arterial blood vessels expand and contract with each heartbeat. What is cool about finger pulse oximeters is they are very convenient; and useful as they can be used with no trouble, anytime, anywhere -what we call portable pulse oximeters.

Basically, this is how finger pulse oximeters work. Clipped to a finger of an individual, a photo-diode is faced with a pair of small light-emitting diodes (LED) which have two different wavelengths-one LED is an infrared ( with a wavelength of 905, 910, or 940 nm) and the other is red ( with a wavelength of 660 nm). Absorption at the said wavelengths differs a lot between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, thus, making it possible to calculate the ratio between the two. 

The primary utilities of the finger pulse oximeter are to determine the relative severity of cardiopulmonary or airway disease, monitor the effectiveness of therapy, and monitor for deterioration in condition. An abnormal hemoglobin saturation is more useful to guide the physician in clinical decision making.

So, shall we let our fingers do the walking and see some examples of Finger Pulse Oximeters.

The first example is the Fingertip Pulse Oximeter, which boasts a compact and light design. The total weight is 50 grams, including batteries. It uses low power consumption, and comes with an automatic power-off design and a low voltage indicator.  

The Finger Pulse Oximeter, displays numerical values for functional arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (%SpO2) in percentage and pulse rate in beats per minute on light emitting diode (LED) digital displays. With each detected pulse, the Perfusion Display blinks. Patient perfusion signals are graded as good, marginal or inadequate and are indicated as such by the perfusion indicator changing color from green to yellow or red respectively. This sophisticated, yet simple technique provides a pulse-by-pulse visual indication of waveform signal quality, without requiring the user to perform complex signal analysis during critical patient care situations.

Another great choice from Rehabmart would be the Nonin Onyx 9500 Finger Pulse Oximeter. This oximeter is a simple to use and has an automatic on/off operation. The two AAA batteries will power up to 1600 spot checks or 18 hours of continuous use. Blood Oxygen Saturation is accurate to +/- two digits, Pulse Rate accurate to +/- one digit.


 
                                                                     From library.rehabmart.com    
                       From library.rehabmart.com                                            From library.rehabmart.com                       
 

Two more outstanding examples of the technology of finger pulse oximeters are the Sleep Printing Pulse Oximeter and the Digital Pulse Oximeter. The Sleep Printing Pulse Oximeter with Durable Probe, by   Invacare® has been specifically designed to address the growing need for a device that can easily be used for conducting overnight screening for qualifying or re-qualifying patients who may require supplemental oxygen use. This oximeter has full computer download capability with 12 hour, down-loadable Trend memory continuous data. You can also purchase the exclusive Windows based software option. 

 The  Digital Pulse Oximeter, is a digital pulse oximeter which monitors SpO2, pulse rate and pulse strength. It is designed to provide fast, reliable measurements on challenging patients. The device rejects spontaneous motion and other artifacts, informs the operator of excess artifacts and improper sensor positioning, and processes low perfusion signals. Designed for spot-checking or bedside monitoring, this unit is ideal for use in home care and clinical environments, as well as during sleep screening.
 
The digital technology allows stable readings during excess motion and there are three clinical modes: spot-check, continuous and sleep.

            From library.rehabmart.com                                   From library.rehabmart.com
                                                                                                        
                                                                 
                                                                                  
Remember, pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation only; respiratory rate must also be considered when evaluating patients. Although pulse oximetry may be taken at a single point, it is far more accurate to obtain readings over time so trends may be assessed.
If you're having problems getting accurate or consistent readings with your finger pulse oximeter, check to make sure that the oximeter is fully calibrated (it should do this automatically when you turn it on), make sure you're using a probe that the appropriate size for the finger, and although it has been proven that only dark nail polish may affect the readings, it would be wise to make sure that the finger is clean---remove all nail polish or varnish. Other problems that may keep you from getting an accurate reading include shivering or repeated movement of the finger the sensor is on, venous congestion in an arm or leg, and reduced peripheral pulsatile blood flow.
 
 
Bill Stock
Associate Library Editor for RehabMart
and
Hulet Smith, OT
RehabMart Team Leader & CEO